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Saleem Shahzad is a well-known poet of Modern Urdu Poem. He has introduced a new symbolic narrative. His poetry reflects the true image of contemporary society. These subjects cover the internal affairs of human being and his life. This research Paper “Ma Siwa ki Nazmen aur Saleem Shahzad ka Alamti Byania” Present the Critical view about the poems and diction of the poet.

After the establishment of Pakistan, Urdu novel has encompassed different political issues. One of them is the most significant that describes brutal act of the British. Many instances regarding exploitative cruelty during British raj, exercised upon the land of India came to light. With the advent of the 20th century a new chapter of British barbarity started. Afterwards the Muslim enmity of the Hindus began to enrich.

Saleem ur Rehman stands out prominently among the galaxy of the modern Urdu poets. He exercised different techniques in writing and introducing new aesthetic style in poetry. He presented the dry philosophical thoughts into modern poetry without compromising its beautiful and aesthetic sense. His poetry does not present typical subjects, rather diversity of topics presented in it, is the real hall mark of his poetry. His poetry is reflective of creative and artistic aesthetic sense. His poetry represents various subjects and their manifold connotations and interpretation. In addition to the aforesaid qualities, it also keeps us abreast of the current knowledge of the world that adds to the aesthetic appeal of his poetry. In the pertaining article, the aesthetic factors of his poetry have been dealt in.

Iqbal's tenure as a poet can be termed as the most difficult period for Muslims of subcontinent. This nation was in the denial stage, preoccupied with disappointments, resentment and with no direction. They were of low esteem and fed up of themselves. Iqbal, a strong believer of faith played a key role in the renaissance of his nation and pulled them out of dangerous zone. History can't forget his role as a reformer for Muslim nation. Iqbal wanted to rebuild the stature of Muslims as a great nation. For this purpose, he girded up his loins, worked incessantly, pulled them out of darkness. Iqbal's poetry is a vivid reflection of hope and success. His message is sound and clear. His poetry contains the hope for the wonderful future of humans. His poetic verses present the detailed program for the survival as well as the religio-ethical norms of humanity. It also gives solid suggestions for the splendor future of young generation in a poetic way. Through Iqbal's ideology we not only realize the realities of life but also get guidance towards such ethical system which will bind us to our origin. It also leads us to our innate positive attitudes. Iqbal's writings act as beacon of light in darkness. This piece of writing will highlight Iqbal's efforts and ideology to create a hope of better future in his nation's minds.

Insightfulness is a popular genre shifting from English to Urdu literature. In nonfiction, it is a genre that shows the brightest thing about possibilities. This is why the insurer looks at the same thing from different angles because of the depth of thoughts and the observations. In the insights, life matters are presented with new angles. Insider creates insights by talking to them instead of finalizing personal experiences. There is no definitive conclusion to any kind of consultation rather, the conversation ends at a beautiful point with brief summary. Sir Syed Ahmad khan along with his writing colleagues introduced modern Urdu prose in a new way and this was what led to the promotion of insanity. In this regard Dr. Wazeer Agha index book Khayal pary , takes precedence. Asmat ullah, Faheem Azmi, Akber Hammedi ,. Saleem Akhter, Anjum Niazi , Nasir Abas Nayer , Mushtaq Qamar and Jameel Azar played a significant role in advancing this series of insights. Thus in the Urdu literature , where Inshaya Nigari has briefly proclaimed itself , in the region of Bahawalpur, it was written about this genre and the beautiful nightmares came into view. In this regard, there is uniqueness for Hakeem Zafar Zaidi, Roshan Ara Rao, Muhammad Saleem Malik Haider Qureshi , Munawar usmani and Azhar Adeeb , as well as many insider.

Elements of Scientific Fantasy in Urdu Novel Fantasy is an element of legend or a story which is weird ridiculous and far from reality.Science fantasy is a part of it which can be seen in any genre of fiction.Therein humans of future and life on other planets other than the earth is projected.Movies and dramas predominantly employ science fantasy.Science fantasy has crept into Urdu novel through the influences of eastern dastaans and western novels.The piece attempts to find out and analyse the elements of science fantasy in Urdu novels

Urdu became the official language in 1889 in Kashmir Territory. The strong efforts were made by the Kashmiri Pundits who wrote the non fiction prose books in this language. This trend in Pundits to write in Urdu language forced Dogra Rulers to adopt this language as an official. This article shows the tradition and trend to adopt this language as the medium of communication among Kashmiri people in the form of non fiction prose.

Abstract: Gayan Chand Jain is well known researcher and linguist in Urdu Literature. He wrote a book on fiction of Opinder Naath Ashk which covers all creative work of Ashk. Here in this article the researcher aims to evaluate and interpret this work of Gayan Chand Jain. Keywords: Opinder Naath Ashk, Drama, Anju Baji, Afsana, Novel, Girti Dewarain, Haqeeqat Nigari, Khatoot, Kirdaar Nigari.

ABSTRACT The article under review is an attempt to critically analyze the paradigm of translation applied by Prof Lateef uzZama'n in 'Mehr e Neemroz' and 'Maktoobat e Ghalib'. It is pertinent to mention that he has strictly followed the basic principles of translation. Moreover, he pays special attention to research and editing factors also. In his translations literary and critical style is prominent

Abstract : Mostly, it has observed about Ghalib's poetry that it neglected pinching reality of colonial era which paralyzed social and political growth of the natives of subcontinent.It is titled to him that he was introvert and puppet of the colonial masters who merely pursuit his worldliness. However, the The post-colonial close-reading of Ghalib's poetry proved all that hypothesis wrong. The Reader oriented study related to post-colonialism has justified the character and poetry of Ghalib aptly. According to this study, Ghlaib felt pain and knew all the treachery of the colonialists. He understood dire situation of the downtrodden closely and lamented the woes of the victimized indians in his poetry. As a laurel crowned poet and observer of poor condition of India, Ghalib had used all his creative technique in metaphorical level which described nuisance of subcontinent skillfully. An attempt has been initiated in this research paper to exlore the post-colonial dimensions of Ghalib's poetry.

. Dr.Iqbal had a very intense devotion for Molana Romi, which could be clearly seen in his poetical work that was deeply influenced by Roomi's reflections. Iqbal glorified Romi both in prose and poetry and a very well-known poem of Dr. Iqbal, Peer.o.Mureed can be mentioned in this regard. The dramatic technique of Peer.o.Mureed has played an important role to attract the attention of literary circles. The poem Introduce two characters i.e. A saint/Peer who portrays Romi and his disciple/Mureed that is the poet (Iqbal). The whole poem contains 24 dialogues between the saint and his disciple in total. The poem draws light upon Iqbal's vast vision by his questions which are about Jihaad or the holy struggle in life, human being, Destinism, the day of judgment, the existence of soul and heart and the reality of Islam. Moreover the poet inquires about self control, subjugation of the universe, abasement of Muslims, dictatorship Patriotism, nationalism, monarchy, Marxism Fascism, anti religious approach in European civilizations ,vulgarity in their culture, Inactivity and passivity of Muslims ,imitation of the Western world, and the reality of self awareness etc. Whereas Molana Romi responds to each question in a scholarly and philosophic manner. The following article discusses all the topics which are mentioned above.

Different nations of the world appear to be concerned about their civilization and identity. Muslims living in western countries face particular problems in this regard. The way in which western media has embraced Muslim identity since 9/11 is now a symbol of terrorism and extremism. Due to this world war, the lives of the people of Iraq and Afghanistan have become a question mark. Pakistan is not only an important country but after 9/11 the better field for world power Afghanistan has been considered neighbouring and friendly country of Pakistan.Urdu short story has always been about social change at the human level. The sad scenes that led to the patrician of India and the after situation of the collapse of Dhaka made the creative experience of Urdu writers after their experiences and observations.at time the marshals that followed were not able to repel these creators even with the atmosphere of repression and freedom of experession. The change in the world after the attacks on the world tradse center and the pentagon did not preserve Urdu short stories at the creation level. In this regard rasheed amjad, manshayad, zahida hina,hamid siraj and many other writers of the country made the theme of cultural and religious influences ,which can be traced to the profound influence of 9/11 urdu short story literature

Literary journals serve as a reflection of the intellectual and creative trends of their time. Magazines and journals are the greatest source of enlightenment from new literary movements and new perspectives. Literary magazine Saveera (Lahore) has been instrumental in promoting the tradition of Urdu fiction. In addition to publishing special editions of Urdu fiction, it enriched the tradition of Urdu fiction by publishing and representing the works of important and renowned fiction writers of the subcontinent.

It is being said continuously that the research work on Iqbal has been done to such an extent that there is no need or demand for more, so now it has become an assumption and further reflection on Iqbal’s life, thought and art has been avoided. The statement is not issued in the recognition of Iqbal’s grandeur not greatness, but is simply to prevent further work on Iqbal; otherwise no basic work has been done on Iqbal instead of talking about the scope of research on Iqbal. In fact, apart from Iqbal’s Urdu and Persian poetry collection and other his work, Iqbal’s prose could not yet presented according to modern methodology of editing in a single volume. This was to be done at the institutional level, but so far no practical steps have been taken, so after many years of waiting and frustration, I decided to carry the burden on my own weak shoulders. Although the difference between the institutional and the individual is obvious, I have tried as much as possible to present an initial outline of Iqbal’s prose, which could later be amended and augmented to pave the way for the approach of a complete volume.

Woman is a mysterious and most beautiful creation of Allah Almighty but in the man's society she is a most crippled and deprived existence of world. From the ancient age to the present day women's character is under discussion by both of aspects. The literature of all civilizations is inhabited with the remembrance of the woman. In Urdu literature poets and writers have present the women in countless magnificent. Tahira Iqbal is a renowned short story writer in Urdu literature. Her stories are the symbol of Punjab's charm, culture and traditions. Women is a spinning point of her art, in her short stories woman's character is under discussion with moral, social and psychological intricacies. This is a zone where women is a name of time change, she is no more a silent victim of oppression but a light of rising spirit for the seek of liberty, rights and entire peace. Yet she is not a conqueror but the struggle is not to be end.

Urdu fiction went through a substantial change during the colonial period. The colonial discourse narrated and disseminated through different technologies of educational subjugation and epistemological usurpation in official and historical works brought forth some serious changes in the world view of Urdu fiction writers. They discovered and presented the subjectivity of the colonialized. This essay presents some preliminary insights to understand and analyze the colonial Urdu fiction.

Fehmida Riaz was born on 28th of July, 1945 in Meerut UP India and shifted to Pakistan after her father transfer to Hyderabad Sindh. She is a well-known Urdu writer and poet and famous for strong feminist and anti-establishment leanings. She had started writing at a very young age and managed her own Urdu Publication named “Awaz”, which was later on banned by the government for its revolutionary vision and liberal view. Civilization is said to be a complex human society, usually made up of different countries / cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development. The undergo research article is based on analysis of civilization in Fehmida Riaz poetry (Nazm) in the light of her book “Dhoop”.

This article seeks to evaluate distnuguished Urdu critic Shamsur Rahman Faruqi's contributions to Urdu Literature in general and in criticism particularly. In early phase of his literay career, he was heavily influenced by Western critical ideas but with the passage of time he became crtical of Western literary notions. He came to believe that poetry, fiction and other imaginative writings are deeply embedded in their respective indigenous cultures. Hence, Faruqi resorted to study of classical Persian and Urdu Literature in the light of their own poetics. This article sets out to delineate Faruqui's theoretical considerations and practical implications of the poetics of classical Urdu Ghazal and Urdu Dastan. That poetics is local and cultural is a postcolonial idea put forth in the backdrop of hegemonic imposition of Western literary cannonistion.

The tradition of sermons in the history of the world is as old as man himself. Prophets, reformers, philosophers, intellectuals, politicians, generals, every individual who excelled in knowledge and wisdom or wealth or power and might, he needed to address others. This tradition has been very strong in the history of Islam itself, in which the most important sermon was given by the Holy Prophet himself in the farewell pilgrimage. Of course, writers and scholars continue to give speeches based on sermons and advice in ceremonies, conferences, gatherings and meetings, but they are not taken into consideration in the study. This study deals with sermons which have been organized by an organization under its own specific project or national intellectual need. Eminent scholars are requested to present their sermons or papers. The scholars are given enough time to work on their proposed sermons by academic, literary, educational, religious or national organizations to present to the selected people.

Rajinder Manchanda Baani was a well known trend setter modern poet of Delhi.He wrote three poetry books. He was born in Multan and migrated to India after 1947. In this article, his relation with Multan and some other discoveries have been compiled to enhance the history of literarture.

From Ruler to Literate Role Model: Queen Victoria in Urdu Verse and Novel Literature presents the changes in social and cultural values of a society. Urdu world saw substantial changes during colonial period. Its literature presents some of these changes in verse and prose. After the failure of war of independence and the establishment of Queen Victoria’s rule in 1857, the Indian subjects tried to rehabilitate themselves in new circumstances. Literature was one form for them to start a dialogue with new ruler. In Urdu Qaseeda and Novel presented Queen Victoria as ruler and a literate role model. These representations were also gave Urdu writers a chance to negotiate about the space and place of women in society. Queen helps them to rethink about the position and capabilities of women in a male dominant society.

Globalization is the order of the day in almost every literary and intellectual discussion all across the board. In the name of Globalization, the third world is being made subservient to the advanced nations. Advertisement paves the way in this regard. Keeping the trend in view, in this article, it has been analyzed that how advertisement marks its impact on the masses and try to make them transnational by disengaging them only from their own cultural roots and how far this manipulation of the public proves successful.

Today, man lives in narratives.Therefore, effects of narratives can not be denied.Many narratives are formed and refuted overtime. Postmodernism too rejects the meganarratives and on other hand promotes local narratives. Every truth and ideology that claims universality and absolutism is mega narrative. Tarar's novel "Qala-i-Jangi" is set against the backdrop of Afghan Jihad (war). In this novel process of construction and deconstruction of many mega narratives i.e.social, cultural narrative and especially the religious jihadinarrative have been fictionized. The characters in the novel which are part of the Afghan war are tied to the mega narrative of Jihad. After being pushed into this war when they have a chance to take a closer look at the situation, many facts are revealed before them. As a result theses mega narratives are refuted. This research article explores and presents the process of construction and deconstruction of the mega narratives.

This study is an attempt to analyze the diverse postulates of style and technique in western novel. Style and technique have undergone great creativity and phenomenal stylistic prolixity, as such they are considered to be most elusive and often ambiguous. It is difficult, therefore, to highlight the overall stylistic and technical postulates in a precise and exact manner. This is specially because each writer has his or her own personal style and technique of writing adopted either consciously or unconsciously, resulting in variations of novelistic style. The main objective of this article is to discuss the different aspects of style and technique in western novel.

Hindu religion is closely interlinked with mythology and it is not possible to study the different dimensions of this religion without proper knowledge of mythology. It is one of the major religions of the world originating on the land of Indian subcontinent and comprised of several beliefs, and rituals. Hindus not even worship their Gods and Goddess but also praises and connected with their allied things and places. Qurat ul Ain Haider a famous Urdu Novelist and Short story writer of twentieth century in her work describes the mythological characters of several Hindu deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, Ram, Arjan, Kirshan etc. She elaborated different stories and also shed light on different religious & mythological places, cities, rivers, plants and animals of Hindu religion.

Prem Chand is one of the pioneers of Urdu Afsana writers. His stories are very near to life. He has been promoting basic ethical values through his stories. His main emphasis was to the values of promote humanity, justice, equality, sacrifice and gratitude. Mostly his characters belong to rural life, where landlords and Mahajans have been oppressing the poor. Prem Chand highlighted such oppressions in his stories and gave the way outs to stop these oppressions.

Saeem Chishti is a famous name in Naatiya literature. He does not let the aspect of respect go unnoticed in the context of Madhat-e-Nabi and works with utmost care. He does not write Naat only for himself but his purpose is to enlighten the heart of every soul with the love of Prophet (PBUH). Saeem Chishti has excellent access to vocabulary so his words seem to shine like jewels in the description of subjects. Love for the Holy Prophet is the first condition and this love is seen in the words of Saeem Chishti. He studied the life of the Prophet in depth and in his intellectual and spiritual consciousness. He made almost every aspect of the attributes of the Prophet the subject of his Naat. Saeem Chishti's works is a great source of Naatiya literature which will benefit the reader of all times.

Interview is an art and a tool of research (data collection, assessment and evaluation.) It is also used in psychoanalysis and catharsis. It exposes the human being’s psychology and innerself. Normally two persons involves in an interview; interviewer and interviewee. It may be a panel interview or individual. Interviewer uses different tools to conduct an interview. Interview of literary personalities explore their biography, intellectual thoughts and literary aspects. Asif Farrukhi in “Harfe Mun o Tu” compiled interviews of different literary personalities of Urdu Literature. Litrary Interview is progressing to become a genre of literature. Interview is a useful and direct source of knowledge collected and interpreted by the interviewer. Reader can observe and collect biographical, historical, intellectual and literary knowledge and data.

Abstract: Language is social need of humanity but if the question arises on the basis of gender as to whose role has been fundamental and important to this formation process then the structure and internal evidence of most languages show that there is much lesser feminine touch in it. Because of masculine domination, structure of most of the languages show that man is superior while woman is considered weak, fragile and inferior. In contemporary age some linguists are trying to make language neutral. The aim of eradicating the prevailing notions of masculinity and femininity by promoting gender neutral language is also to eradicate the notions found in the society, which are based on man fulfilling his social needs. For this, it is very important that the speeches which are biased when calling a gender are not encouraged . There are a number of words, idioms and proverbs in Urdu that express the ancient social concepts of gender and express men's feelings of gender superiority and, conversely, feminine inferiority, as in dictionaries. In the meanings given to man, not only his gender meaning is recorded but also all the notions of bravery, superiority, glory and splendour are present in the society since ancient times.

This article explores the individualistic and cultural elements in Jahan-e-Danish which is a distinguished Urdu autobiography mirroring the characteristics such as poverty and helplessness, great courage, purity of emotions, and novelty of similes. Moreover, we find pasteurization of scenes as well as comic and humorous features at different places in the autobiography. This article reflects the unique writing features of the author including its stylistic and methodological techniques that are important to make an autobiography a distinctive piece of literature. Furthermore, this article does not only illustrate the supernatural elements and lofty thoughts described in the novel which enhance the beauty and richness of this autobiography but also demonstrate how the author using an exclusive style of writing portrays the cultural issues through his personal experiences in a very impartial and natural manner.

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Idioms are of great importance for any language because they not only embellish the language, they also tell of our social life and psychic built up. Since Nazeer Akbarabadi was a public poet, where he fills in the idioms usage beautifully, his proverbs also express public life. This article explores the research analysis for colorfulness of Nazeer's proverbs.

This article, The study of social realism in the classic popular Urdu Nazm with the special reference of Jaffar Zatali and Nazeer Akbar Abadi, deals with question how the popular literature may have concern to pin the social evils up creating the creative Pen- picture. This piece of research further adds value to the work of these two giants of classic Urdu Nazm as they contributed to the Urdu Nazm for what it would turn out to be after a century. This article based on the socially concerned study of Urdu Nazm aims at discussing the Stylistic and medium role in the effectiveness of the Pen Picture of the issues in the colonial age as well. Thus, it becomes a post-colonial study too as well.This paper studies the influence of two great popular poets on the literary movements that claimed great changes in the gener of Urdu Nazm later in later centuries.

Ideological and thematic review of Khwaja Mueen ud Deen's published dramas has been carried out in this study. History of the Indian Muslims, their forefathers' achievements, the extremist nature of Hindus and various aspects of the tragedy of migration have been discussed in it according to his historical consciousness. The problems in the early years of Pakistan which were highlighted in his dramas are still present, as it is, in the third decade of the twenty first century. Thus thematically, there is the present-time meaning in his dramas. His loves for Urdu and patriotic fervor have been described at length in this study. He wants national reform through his dramas, so that the dream of renaissance of Islam may come true by the Muslims of Pakistan

Story is one of the oldest mediums of human beings to preserve and express their experiences. The story has been existed in almost every language of humans. Folktale is an oldest form of story. The folktales encapsulate collective experiences and cultural ethos and of people. Nevertheless, Folktales travel from one language to another and they are common heritage of humans. This article explores Punjabi folktales and underscores their salient features.

Literature is said to be the reflection of society whereas a story-teller is said to be the eyewitness of society. Even though a historian has, since the ancient times, been documenting the rise and fall of nations and political upheavals in true letter and spirit, but in the light of new critical discourse and consciousness of the present era, the witness of author or story-writer or a novelist has relatively more authenticity and certification in this respect that a novelist, as compared to the impassive description of a historian, delineates such a sensitive contemporary panorama in his tales, that it has diverse possible dimensions of life in it; moreover, a novelist, through his perception and insight, is able to discern the legendary pick of the lush-green valley of love even in case of hateful barren lands of warfare and cruelty whom the historian regards dead and inanimate; whereas a novelist deems the sprouts of love to be the most essential and basic cause of the creation of universe."Gul Meena", novel of Zaif Syed, is also the same sort of legend of love and infatuation of Zarjaan and Gul Meena, who belong to the tribal Pashtun regions. This is a tale of colonial imperialism, of the exploitative scams of foreign powers and of the desired interpretation of religion by native warring organizations, growing increasingly in tribal areas of Pakistan; rather it's an ultimate strife to sing a love-song in this frightful atmosphere. A contemporary proof of the incurable terrorism, prevalent in Pakistani tribal areas, this novel, " Gul Meena", even artistically proves the dexterity and alacrity of the tale-teller. This novel can surely be credited as an important addition to the tradition of Urdu novels based on the depiction of contemporary history. The article under discussion presents this core issue of the novel in the form of analysis.

Urdu novel emerged from the cultural venture of eastern and western civilization. Eastern civilization declined after its massive success while western civilization progressed due to its scientific inventions. Moreover, the conventional scholars failed to comprehend the change in political, social, and economical spheres. With these new changes, Muslims perceived western values to have a bad influence on them. Deputy Nazeer Ahmed tried to overcome the effects of western civilization through religious concerns instead of understanding the cultural differences along with their background. This Article tries to understand the cultural conflicts of eastern and western civilization in Deputy Nazeer Ahmad's Novels.

The written form of a sound is called a letter. The number of Arabic alphabets is twenty-eight. In the beginning, the order of these letters was phonetic and not phonetic. With the passage of time, for the convenience of students, the experts put together similar letters in one place and presented a new order. The arrangement is still prevalent in Arabic, Persian and other languages, where the Arabic script has been adopted. An important controversial and debatable issue in Urdu script is its number of alphabets. This uncertain and confused situation creates difficulty for a learner. The alphabet is the foundation for learning a language. Urdu alphabets are no longer in an indefinite or unorganized condition. So, at present consensus about the definite number of alphabets is the need of the hour. Addition to number of letters or changing their order is an impediment in the development of the language. The second issue is the method of spelling. In addition to spelling, another problem is the letters’ articulation manner. In our society, Urdu Primer and Quran reading starts side by side. Ba, Ta, Sa are taught in the mosque while Bay, Pay, Te, Se is taught in the school. This double method of articulation causes great trouble and confusion to an innocent mind. While in the phonetic teaching method, Sound length of Urdu letters as Aa, Ba, Ta, Sa, Ja, Cha, Da, Dha etc. is different from the previous. This is a very important and fundamental problem that demands the attention of linguists and pedagogues. The essay elaborates the mentioned issues categorically and opens new vistas.

Developed nations provide access to different disciplines of knowledge of other nations through translations for its public. Basically translation is a source of initiating new discipline of knowledge, progress and prosperity in their society comparatively to the other nations and social uniformity prevail over there. In fact translation is a sensitive process. The first mile stone of this process is to understand the discourse analysis and contextual meaning of the context. Background knowledge of any language and its historical metaphors spirit is needed to visualize. Etymological meanings are unable to convey the real meaning. Sensitivity of phrasal verb, idiomatic usage and expression sensitivity through adjective, dialect and proverbial meaning are necessary to be expressed through translation. The author of the article has expressed deep sightedness of Jamil Jalbi used in translation of “Eliot K Mazameen” and further “Arasto Say Eliot Tak”. According to J.J “A replica from a language to another is creation of a master piece through amalgamation of two civilizations in one frame with establishing recognition of both individually”. The dialect, style and stating expression should mirror the same reflection through translation as stated by the first. The focus of the researcher is to highlight the attributes of J.J reflected in both of the marvelous and classical works of J.J “Arasto Say Eliot Tak” and “Eliot K Mazameen”.

The modern Urdu literature is not only about the magical description of the beauty but also gives a good shape to emotions and feelings. When sensitive feelings put their shadow on tender heart of the poet, words take the shape of colors and its fragrance spread all around the circle. It has been evident that not only male poets produce beautiful lyrics but also many woman poets are leading in this field of literature. Beauty and tenderness of words are the true reflection of any literary personality. Poetesses produce collective wisdom regarding poetic sense of beauty and charm. Many modern beautiful and reputable poetesses included Zuhra Nigar, Parveen Shakir, Noshi Gillani, Samina Raja, Tanvir Anjum, Rehana Qamar, Azra Abbas, Shahida Hussan, Shahida Ltaif, Humera Rehman, Fakhra Batool, Hameeda Shaheen, Ambreen Salah-ud-Din. The article under review will point out the aesthetic elements in the poems of Urdu poets.

“Shab Khoon” Magazine was started in 1966.It is the mouth piece of modernity. When the trend of modernity became common, it had some basic ideas different from the progressives modernity has liberated literature from the shackles of philosophy and ideology. It gave the creator freedom of expression. Now, the writer is free to write what he sees and feels on his own. The focus of the fiction writers of this period is on the individual. The myth of this age presents pictures of the social conditions and events of its time. Conflict, materialism, profiteering, selfishness, clerks’ life, bureaucratic exploitation, racial discrimination, caste segregation with a drawstring, political oppression and exploitation are the themes of the myths of this period. It looks like a sack that encloses.

This paper enclosed the impact of hegemony or monopoly of imperialism over the subcontinent. Imperialism controlled the situation in two ways, first controlled with power and second to change the mind set of people and injected the inferior complex in their mind. To achieve this purpose imperialism used two mega tools "education" and "language". The invasion of the imperialistic culture over the subcontinent had become so widespread that English language, European learning and civilization were portrayed as positive inspirations in most of the books, written during the colonial periods. Speaking English language practicing European etiquette had become norms of decency. Making different languages as mediums of expression were inherent in every language. To insist that one particular language was the only means of cultured expression was nothing but a strategy to exclude all languages from the sphere to literary and scholarly effort. In this way, Iqbal exposed hollowness of the western civilization and culture by raising voice of protest against their blind following and asserted that Islamic culture and civilization was far more universal than the European culture. During this study, mix methodology approach is used i.e descriptive analytical and historical. This study finds out the result that Iqbal's thoughts have decreased the invasion of the hegemony and monopoly of European imperialistic culture over the subcontinent.

Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri is known as a critic, researcher, poet and especially a historian. But he also wrote a novel, which was published in 1993. The novel was published under the title "Qasba Kahani". Literary critics have not paid much attention to this novel. The "Qasba Kahani" which offers new experiences of form. This article contains an analytical study of the novel "Qasba Kahani" which is an excellent example of an anti-hero in the history of Urdu novel.

Nou-Lakhi Kothi is the first novel of Ali Akbar Natiq, published in 2014.Basically he is a poet. His two books of poetry have been published and well received by the critics. This article presents a cultural analysis of his novel “Nou-Lakhi Kothi”.“Nou-Lakhi Kothi” is a face of subcontinent’s social, political, religious and cultural history. This study focuses on presentation of subcontinent society and its multiple aspects in novel. This article will also highlight the facts and effects of colonialism in subcontinent.

Society came into being by a group of people’s. Each society has its own values which help them to survive and develop. Society is never precisely the same from one moment to the next. Change is very core of life. Society accepts global influences. It is affected by all sorts of factors, problems and development projects. Social change breaks the traditional process that gives rise to new demands. As a society develops and accepts the effects of other factors, its values has also change. It absorbs some new beliefs, customs, values, and practices. Sociologists have studied this variability from different angles and have tried to examine the social causes that lead to a change in the values of society. There are three major perspectives of sociology (Symbolic, Functionalism and Conflict). This article examines the reflection of changing social values in the fiction of Mirza Athar Baig in the context of Social theory given by famous sociologist “Emile Durkheim”.

Sufism in Persian and Urdu literature originated with arrival of Persian language in subcontinent and now it is a main common topic in Persian and Urdu literature of the subcontinent. Sufis from different mystic families took part in prose and poetry writing of Persian and Urdu languages in subcontinent.The following article presents a brief review of poetry of two Sufis, Jamali Dehalvi (10th century AH) from Suharwardi family and Khawja Mir Dard (12th century AH) from Naqshbandi family in light of common mystic thought in subcontinent.

Hali is a renowned writer and modern poet of contemporary Urdu literature. First benefited from Ghalib and then Shaifta. After that he started working for Punjab Book Depot and after he became indirectly acquainted with English literature and Western ideas. At the same time, Hali become important member of the Syed movement. Sir Syed's innovative and modern approach, Shaifta's simplicity and affiliation with the Punjab Book Depot gave a new impetus to the Hali’s thinking. Hali tried to innovate in both poetry and prose. The traditionalist class began to dislike this current modern and intellectual endeavor. One of these resistant elements was Oudh Punch. The newspaper's ideology was to oppose the Syed movement. As Hali was an important intellectual member of the Syed movement, this newspaper kept the front against Hali hot for a long time. From the Musaddas to the publication of the Dewan, every creative work of Hali was well received by the arrows of satire by Oudh Punch. Hali had sharply criticized the Luckno poetry. The writers of Oudh Punch took great revenge on Hali for the above two reasons and criticized Hali's poetry and thought with various tactics. The article under review is based on a critique of Oudh Punch on Hali.

This article intends to evaluate the education system introduced by the great Muslim reformer Syed Ahmad Khan who is better known as Sir Syed. His name immediately brings to mind Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College and Alighar Muslim University. He was the first person in 19th century India who paid unmatched attention towards education of the Muslim populace. He had to face severe criticism and strong resistance from the religious circles but he remained committed and dedicated. As far as his services for the Muslim education in India are concerned; no one can deny them. However, there is another side of the picture too, which is considerably dark. There were some inherent flaws and drawbacks in the system of the great man. These defects not only proved detrimental to Muslims in United India but also adversely affected the educational system in Pakistan. We are still struggling with these issues after 75 years of independence. What are these shortcomings which we inherited, and, how have they destroyed our education and psyche, have been covered in this paper.

Abstract: Literature has been a lucid description of the society. It encompasses all the aspects of life as it is directly associated with behaviours, doings, feelings and responses of social beings. Since the day one, the man has reached the stages of an evolved man; the literature has been serving him. It is the part and parcel of human life. It solves the issues of individual and the society. The ultra-sensitive and extra-vigilant approach of writers has been unveiling the hidden facts of life. It has told the untold and showed the invisible. It has been doing and will be doing this all irrespective of limits of time, geography and religion.

Man for his personal benefit or comfort, started living with fellow beings. He formatted society and set up certain societal norms to regulate and discipline his life. With the evolution of human society, the debate commenced on these societal norms and values which were either comic or relative in their nature and form. This debate also raised question, who creates these values and for what personal gains. Surely, such a class or community might have preferred their personal interest before forming these societal values. The debate also envisioned that these societal norms and values could safeguard the liberty of human beings and at the same time could assail the rights of the people. Literature, one of the indices of human nomenclature, always advocates high social norms and values. It represents progressive societal deals. It also negates biased thoughts and values existing in the form of color, caste and creed. This article reviews societal norms and morals in the line with ‘Urdu novel’.

Translating fiction from one language to other is a difficult process. It becomes more taxing to read and understand some substandard translations. In this article it has been analyzed that why one confronts the difficulty to understand the novel truly after translation, how meanings are transformed with slightest changing in the words and in which way seasoned translators skillfully convert the creative essence of original language in their own language. In the end some suggestion are made for improvements in Urdu translations.

It is very important to write the language correctly and bring it to a standard. Irregularities in spelling can lead to many issues. When the student and the reader see many spellings of a word, they become confused about the correctness of the spelling and gradually the wrong spelling becomes common practice. Textbooks are the first medium in the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to write textbooks keeping in view the spelling rules and the prevailing principles with special care for the accuracy of spelling. So that the issues of spelling can be overcome. Textbooks work as a teacher on how to write a word. Textbooks are the first medium in the learning process. Therefore, it is important to write textbooks keeping in mind the rules of spellings and the prevailing principles, so that, the issues of spelling can be overcome. The article under review deals with the issues of spelling in Urdu textbooks which have been recommended by linguists in order to establish uniformity in spelling, but these recommendations have not yet been fully implemented.

Man became centre of the universe and philosophy when the term philanthropy and humanism came into existence in the Renaissance. Writers and poets showed reflections of man from different angles in their creations that literature is the commentator/ interpreter of life. Influenced by French and Russian Literature. Urdu fiction writers have presented the mixture of reality, imagination and concept of man through gender and nature's reference. The inner depths of man reveal the secrets of instincts and human passions by nature's blind caves and gender's deep abyss. In this research article two great fiction writers of Urdu language i.e. Saadat Hassan Manto and Rajinder Singh Badi's concept of man has been clarified through comparison of myths

Rashid amjad is the most significant figure in urdu prose. He is a multi dimential personality i.e critic, scholar, teacher, editor, etc but his most powerful aspect of personality is short story writer. He experienced the subcontinent division and is eye witness of crash of civilization. He has a great sense of civilization which he used in his stories. Though this layer is between the lines but is a real fact that civiliation discussed in its ture spirit. This article is an effort to explore that sense of civilization.

Muhammad Saleem -ur- Rehman`s poetry has its own unique identity in modern Urdu poetry in terms of themes, structure and diction. Muhammad Saleem-ur- Rehman has described his experiences of society and subjectivity so subtly that these poems embody historical, conscious and universal truths as well as cultural, political, spiritual and literary values in themselves. His command on Arabic, Persian, English, Spanish, Germen and other European languages and extensive study reflect themselves in his peculiar literary style and supreme literary taste. The mixture of new and old in themes and structure of his poetry has evolved a modern way of expression. The Essayist has done a thematic and structured study of in this article.

Criticisms of Urdu Dastani literature contain a diverse range of critical tendencies and their changing trends as well as new thoughts and ideas. Due to the wisdom and abilities of critics with different tastes and different thinking, the horizon of fictional criticism is not only colorful and beautiful, but it also encompasses universality. It is a mirror of our cultural, historical, religious and social conditions in which all the trends of modern and ancient art of critical theories of literature, linguistics, history, sociology, spirituality, femininity, anthropology, psychology, metaphysics, modernity and philosophy are present.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal's poetry is very important compared to earlier, contemporary and later poetry. One of the reasons for this is that he made naturalism the main theme of his poetry. Iqbal is not only a naturalist poet, but he had also tried to make nature a revealed reality and besides being inspired and dedicated by the beauty of nature, he had taken the task of revealing the facts of life. He considered the beauty of nature as a source of insights related to man and humanity. Thus, according to Iqbal, the phenomena of nature has become the manifestations of different realities and insights. The article under review is the description of this summary.